智 課 網(wǎng) 托 福 備 考 資 料 ,一起學(xué)托福閱讀社會科學(xué)篇--環(huán)保組織推保護(hù)類人猿計(jì)劃-智課教育旗下智課教育本文和大家一起學(xué)托福閱讀之社會科學(xué)篇—環(huán)保組織推出保護(hù)類人猿

智 課 網(wǎng) 托 福 備 考 資 料

一起學(xué)托福閱讀社會科學(xué)篇--環(huán)保組織推保護(hù)類人猿計(jì)

劃-智課教育旗下智課教育

本文和大家一起學(xué)托福閱讀之社會科學(xué)篇—環(huán)保組織推出保護(hù)類人猿計(jì)劃，這篇托福閱讀材料供考生參考使用，希望考生能夠認(rèn)真?zhèn)淇迹A(yù)?？忌軌蚩汲龊贸煽儭?/p>

目前公布了一項(xiàng)保護(hù)中非大猩猩和黑猩猩的新行動計(jì)劃，計(jì)劃列出了六個國家的猿類所面臨的威脅。類人猿面對哪些生存威脅?拯救類人猿問題上為什么需要企業(yè)的幫助，和埃博拉又有哪些關(guān)聯(lián)？和托福小編一起從今天的托福閱讀材料中尋求答案吧！

在進(jìn)行托福閱讀之前 ，一起學(xué)習(xí)一下文章中的疑難詞 ：Unveil vt. 使公諸于眾，揭開

Outline n. 輪廓；大綱；概要vt. 概述；略述

Chimp n. (非洲的)黑猩猩

Gorilla n. 大猩猩

Ape n. 猿adj. 狂熱的

snare n. 陷阱；圈套vt. 捕捉

Domain n. 領(lǐng)域；域名

logging n. 記錄；伐木工作v. 把…鋸成段木

pose vi. 擺姿勢；佯裝vt. 造成，形成n. 姿勢，姿態(tài)

Vaccine n. 疫苗adj. 疫苗的

credit n. 信用，信譽(yù)vt. 相信，信任

Conservation Groups Unveil Regional Action Plan to SaveGreat Apes

環(huán)保組織推出保護(hù)類人猿計(jì)劃

A new action plan has been unveiled to protect CentralAfrica ’s gorillas and chimpanzees. It outlines threats to thegreat apes across six countries.

The regional action plan is a joint effort by the InternationalUnion for Conservation of Nature, Wildlife Conservation Society,and World Wildlife Fund among others.

Dr. Fiona Maisels, a conservation scientist for the WildlifeConservation Society, said the plan aims to protect the largenumber of great apes not in protected areas.

“The take home message is that most of the apes are not inthe national parks. They are spread out throughout the whole ofthis region," she said. "We really need to concentrate on

protecting them, not only in the parks, but in the areas wherethey ’re much more vulnerable to hunting.”

Maisels said the chimpanzees are faring better than thegorillas in Central Africa. But both are threatened by hunting,habitat loss and disease.

The nearly 80 percent of great apes outside protected zones,are in areas where private extractive industries operate.

“Most of the rest of the forest domain of Central Africa isunder selective logging, which means that the forestry

companies are not clear cutting. They don’t do what they do inMalaysia or Brazil, for example," she said. "They just take out afew trees per acre, which means that the forest afterwards is finefor great apes, and indeed, elephants to live in. The problem isthe hunting.”

Maisels said African nations need private industry’s help insaving the great apes.

“So, logging companies need to put in place anti-poachingmeasures to make sure that important endangered wildlifespecies are not hunted,” she said.

Maisels said, however, that hunting is important for manylocal inhabitants.

“People will hunt around villages in Africa to eat. Thatdoesn ’t pose a problem to the species that they normally eat,which [are] small antelopes that live in the forest and largerodents, you know, rather like large rates and things like that,"she said. "But when commercial hunting takes hold much larger

animals get caught, whether deliberately or by accident, andthen those animals are sent to large urban markets.”

The Wildlife Conservation Society scientist said the

long-term survival of chimps and gorillas is put at risk bycommercial hunting.

“It ’s not a food security issue. It’s basically a

conservation issue if a great ape gets caught in a snare or if agreat ape gets shot," Maisels said. "Great apes, like elephants, aremuch less able to reproduce rapidly to reproduce the numbersthat have been killed. And that’s why they’re both onendangered species lists. That’s why they’re both onnationally protected species lists,” she said.

The Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of WesternLowland Gorillas and Central Chimpanzees also highlightsanother big threat – Ebola.

“We lost thousands and thousands of great apes along theGabon-Congo border about 10 years ago with a massive Ebolaepidemic," Maisels said. "Nothing like as big as the one we’ve seen in West Africa. And it wiped out huge areas of gorillas andchimps in the forest before it got into the villages. The only

reason we knew about it was because people started getting sick.And that’s because they were finding dead animals in the forest– picking them up – taking them home and eating them. Andthen of course it went through villages just it’s done in WestAfrica. ”

Maisels added that current Ebola vaccine research could leadto protection for humans and apes alike.

“If a vaccine can be developed that can be transmitted fromape to ape, once a few apes in the forest have been vaccinated,that would effectively vaccinate the whole population." she said."We ’re a long way from that at the moment, but there arepeople who are trying to do that, which would, of course, not

only protect great ape populations, but would eventually protectall the human populations who are working within their forests.”

The action plan also calls for “improved legal frameworksand stiffer sanctions for poachers；coordinated use and

protection of natural resources with a priority on conservinggreat ape populations；and conservation advocacy to bringabout behavior change toward great apes.”

The previous action plan was released in 2005 and is creditedwith slowing the decline in ape populations.

長難句：

1.Most of the rest of the forest domain of Central Africa isunder selective logging, which means that the forestry

companies are not clear cutting.

句子類型：定語從句(嵌套賓語從句)

句子拆分：

主干：Most of the rest of the forest domain of Central Africais under selective logging

定語從句：which means…(嵌套賓語從句that the forestry

companies are not clear cutting)

翻譯：中非剩下的大多數(shù)森林區(qū)域都面臨選擇性伐木，這意味著森林公司是并不在亂砍濫伐。

2.That doesn’t pose a problem to the species that theynormally eat, which [are] small antelopes that live in the forestand large rodents, you know, rather like large rates and thingslike that.

句子類型：定語從句 插入語

句子拆分：

主干：That doesn’t pose a problem to the species…

定語從句: that they normally eat, which [are] small antelopes(that live in the forest and large rodents)

插入語: you know

翻譯：這對他們經(jīng)常吃的物種來說并沒有構(gòu)成問題，他們吃的一般是生活在森林里的小羚羊和大型嚙齒動物，比如大鼠之類的。

文章大意：

目前公布了一項(xiàng)保護(hù)中非大猩猩和黑猩猩的新行動計(jì)劃，計(jì)劃列出了六個國家的猿類所面臨的威脅。這個地區(qū)行動計(jì)劃是國際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)合會、野生生物保護(hù)學(xué)會和世界野生物基金會聯(lián)合發(fā)起的。

中非剩下的大多數(shù)森林區(qū)域都面臨選擇性伐木，這意味著森林公司是并不在亂砍濫伐，比如他們在馬來西亞和巴西就不一樣。他們只是每英畝選出少數(shù)樹木，這意味著森林還是適合類人猿和大象的，問題在于狩獵。

梅塞爾說非洲國家在拯救類人猿問題上需要企業(yè)的幫助。

“人們在非洲村莊各處打獵尋找吃的，這對他們經(jīng)常吃的物種來說并沒有構(gòu)成問題，他們吃的一般是生活在森林里的小羚羊和大型嚙齒動物，比如大鼠之類的。但商業(yè)狩獵會捕捉更大的動物，無論是故意還是無意，這些動物就被送往大城市的市場上?！?/p>

這位野生生物保護(hù)學(xué)會科學(xué)家說，黑猩猩和大猩猩的長遠(yuǎn)生存就這樣遭到商業(yè)狩獵的威脅。

西部低地大猩猩和黑猩猩保育中心的地區(qū)行動計(jì)劃也強(qiáng)調(diào)了另一個重大威脅—埃博拉。

“10年前沿加蓬和剛果邊界有成千上萬頭類人猿死于大規(guī)模埃博拉疫情，其規(guī)模都不如我們在西非看到的那樣大。這場疫情席卷了森林里大猩猩和黑猩猩棲息的大片區(qū)域，然后進(jìn)入村莊。我們只是在人們開始患病后才知道這個疫情，因?yàn)槿藗冊谏掷镎业剿劳龅膭游铮缓髶炱饋韼Щ丶沂秤?，然后?dāng)然整個村莊都患病了，就像在西非那樣?！?/p>

“如果能開發(fā)出疫苗，就會在猿類之間進(jìn)行傳播，森林里少數(shù)猿類得到免疫，那么就會讓整個猿群得到有效免疫。我們還遠(yuǎn)未實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)，但已經(jīng)有人在努力開發(fā)，當(dāng)然這不僅會保護(hù)類人猿群體，還將最終保護(hù)在森林里工作的人類群體”

該行動計(jì)劃還呼吁“改善法律框架并加強(qiáng)對盜獵者的懲治，協(xié)調(diào)使用和保護(hù)自然資源，重點(diǎn)在保護(hù)類人猿群體，以及進(jìn)行宣傳保護(hù)，對類人猿做出行為改變?！?/p>

前一個行動計(jì)劃是2005年公布的，因放緩猿群衰減而受到贊譽(yù)。

文章架構(gòu)：

第1-6段：關(guān)于保護(hù)中非大猩猩和黑猩猩行動計(jì)劃的介紹，包括計(jì)劃原因、涉及的內(nèi)容、目的。

第7-13段：非洲國家在拯救類人猿問題上需要企業(yè)的幫助

第14-17段：西部低地大猩猩和黑猩猩保育中心的地區(qū)行動計(jì)劃也強(qiáng)調(diào)了另一個重大威脅—埃博拉。目前的埃博拉疫苗研究可以促進(jìn)對人類和類人猿的保護(hù)。

第18-19段：關(guān)于計(jì)劃的其他呼吁及其因放緩猿群衰減而受到贊譽(yù)。

文章題材：

社會科學(xué)類

以上就是我們今天的托福閱讀文章及分析，希望大家可以學(xué)到相應(yīng)的托福閱讀背景知識以更好的備考托福

。若您想了解更多托?？荚囐Y訊請關(guān)注智課教育。