神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在長三角農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)中的應(yīng)用研究
安徽大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在長三角農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)中的應(yīng)用研究姓名:李佰承申請學(xué)位級別:碩士專業(yè):情報(bào)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師:周瑛2010-04 ,摘 要農(nóng)業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)
安徽大學(xué)
碩士學(xué)位論文
神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在長三角農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)中的應(yīng)用研究
姓名:李佰承
申請學(xué)位級別:碩士
專業(yè):情報(bào)學(xué)
指導(dǎo)教師:周瑛
2010-04
,摘 要
農(nóng)業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè),農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的前提,而農(nóng)業(yè)信息化是農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素,農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站是農(nóng)業(yè)信息化的主要內(nèi)容和重要的組成部分,在農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展中越來越起著舉足輕重的作用,可以說現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展很大程度上依賴農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站的信息資源,從農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn),流通和市場等農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的各個(gè)方面為農(nóng)民提供農(nóng)業(yè)信息服務(wù)平臺(tái),這個(gè)平臺(tái)包括科技,市場和農(nóng)業(yè)政策等信息,這些都是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)所必須的。農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站為農(nóng)業(yè)提供了信息服務(wù)的良好平臺(tái),通過這個(gè)平臺(tái),可以很好地促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化得發(fā)展。當(dāng)前農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站建設(shè)中存在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一,水平參差不齊,內(nèi)容重復(fù)等問題,這些問題的出現(xiàn)就使得農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站的評價(jià)顯得重要起來。
農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站的評價(jià)就是對現(xiàn)有的農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行測評,從不同的角度反映農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站是否滿足當(dāng)前農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的需求,比較客觀地得出現(xiàn)有的農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站的評價(jià)結(jié)果,提出哪些需要改進(jìn)的內(nèi)容和要求,為當(dāng)前的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展服務(wù)。針對目前網(wǎng)站評價(jià)的各種方法,如層次分析法和模糊綜合評價(jià)法等評價(jià)方法的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了使用人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為評價(jià)網(wǎng)站的工具的一種方法,力求在評價(jià)方法上有所創(chuàng)新,使網(wǎng)站評價(jià)在方法上更能客觀有效,能在一定程度上彌補(bǔ)上述傳統(tǒng)方法的不足,從不同側(cè)面和不同角度客觀反映網(wǎng)站的實(shí)際水平。只有得出客觀合理的評價(jià)結(jié)果,才能使網(wǎng)站更好的為農(nóng)業(yè)服務(wù),促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)信息化水平的提高,服務(wù)三農(nóng),這對實(shí)現(xiàn)新時(shí)期規(guī)劃綱要目標(biāo),為建設(shè)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村做好信息保障和信息服務(wù)。
從上個(gè)世紀(jì)八十年代起,人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)開始逐漸應(yīng)用到多學(xué)科高科技領(lǐng)域,人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)算法研究也得到了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展,同時(shí)各個(gè)學(xué)科的專家學(xué)者把人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)算法和本學(xué)科的研究相結(jié)合進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究工作,包含的領(lǐng)域有生物學(xué),病理學(xué),心理學(xué),數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué),計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)和電子信息科學(xué)等,這些領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在很大的程度上促進(jìn)了各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)也應(yīng)用到信息資源的評價(jià)方面,可以促進(jìn)信息資源評價(jià)的發(fā)展,提出了不同的評價(jià)方法和評價(jià)模型和評價(jià)過程。因?yàn)樾畔①Y源評價(jià)的發(fā)展,可以更好為經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展做好服務(wù),信息資源的評價(jià)結(jié)果可以為經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展提供參考依據(jù)。
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,針對各種當(dāng)前農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)方法不一, 各種評價(jià)方法得到的評價(jià)結(jié)果的不同,評價(jià)方式有各種不足之處,不能很好地反映當(dāng)前農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站的發(fā)展水平,為了更客觀合理地對農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行評價(jià),本文嘗試?yán)萌斯ど窠?jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)本身具有并行處理數(shù)據(jù)、良好的容錯(cuò)、自適應(yīng)和自學(xué)習(xí)以及較好的非線性功能等特性,對農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行分析,構(gòu)建人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,對農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)方法進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。
本論文主要的研究內(nèi)容是:
1.概述了農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)的目的,評價(jià)的原則,指標(biāo)建立的原則和方法,為建立科學(xué)合理的評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系和評價(jià)方法建立了理論依據(jù),整理和分析了BP 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的有關(guān)基礎(chǔ)理論和相應(yīng)算法,并詳細(xì)敘述了BP 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)工具箱的使用方法,闡述了使用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)工具箱建立農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)的步驟和詳細(xì)過程,包括,數(shù)據(jù)的獲取和預(yù)處理,評價(jià)模型的建立。
2.介紹了用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)方法改進(jìn)的原理及思路,并以BP 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型為基礎(chǔ)建立了農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)模型;并根據(jù)評價(jià)的特點(diǎn)和需要,建立了相應(yīng)的農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,通過對評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系進(jìn)行深入細(xì)致的研究,并詳細(xì)敘述了指標(biāo)體系的評分方法和評分細(xì)則,最后對長三角農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站的評價(jià)模型進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)評價(jià),得出評價(jià)結(jié)果。
3.簡要說明了在本文研究過程中的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)和遇到的問題,同時(shí)對BP 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)評價(jià)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,闡述了研究的不足之處,提出了改進(jìn)意見,并對以后的工作進(jìn)行了展望,為接下來進(jìn)行此項(xiàng)研究的人提供有價(jià)值的參考意見和依據(jù)。 關(guān)鍵詞:農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站;BP 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò);網(wǎng)站評價(jià);指標(biāo)體系
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,Abstract
Agriculture is the basic industry of national economy, agricultural development is a prerequisite of economic and social development, and agricultural information is the key factor in agricultural development, agricultural information website is the main content of agricultural information and important part of agricultural information, agricultural information website plays an important role in the development of agriculture in increasing, can be said that the development of modern agriculture, largely dependent on the information resources of agricultural information websites, from agricultural production, circulation and market all aspects of agricultural production provide farmers with agricultural information service platform, the platform includes technology, market information and agricultural policies, these are necessary for modern agriculture. Agriculture Information website provides information services for the agricultural good platform, through this platform, will be to promote the development of agricultural modernization. Current agricultural information website is under construction there different standards, different levels, repetitive, these problems appear to make agricultural information website evaluation was in importance.
Evaluation of agricultural information websites is the information on the existing site evaluation of agricultural, reflected from different angles, whether the agricultural information website to meet the current agricultural production and agricultural development needs, obtained more objectively existing results of the evaluation of agricultural information websites, what made the need to improve the content and requirements, service for the current agricultural development. For the current site evaluation of methods, such as analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, proposed the use of artificial neural network is the tool of one kind of site means of trying some innovations in evaluation methodology, make the site more objective evaluation methods effective and, to some extent make up for the
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,deficiencies of traditional methods, from different sides and different point of view objectively reflect the actual level of the site. Only an objective and reasonable results are obtained in order to make the site better for agricultural services, promote a higher level of agricultural information, services Agriculture, New planning framework for achieving this goal, good for building new socialist rural areas of information security and information services.
From the last century 80's, began to apply artificial neural network technology in multidisciplinary field of artificial neural network algorithm has also been further developed, while experts in various disciplines of artificial neural network algorithm and the discipline of combining scientific research, including the fields of biology, pathology, psychology, mathematical sciences, computer science and electronics and information science, artificial neural networks in these areas to a large extent, promoted the development of various fields. Artificial neural networks are also applied to the evaluation of information resources, can promote the development of information resources evaluation, proposed evaluation method and evaluation of different models and the evaluation process. Evaluation because of the development of information resources, to better economic and social development for the good service, information resources, Results of the evaluation can provide economic and social development of reference.
Current agricultural information websites for a variety of different evaluation methods, a variety of evaluation methods of evaluation results obtained by different evaluation methods have various shortcomings, do not reflect the current level of development of agricultural information websites, in order to more objectively reasonable Assessment of agricultural information websites, this attempt to use artificial neural network parallel processing of data itself, a good fault-tolerant, adaptive and self-learning and better features for nonlinear functions, the analysis of agricultural information websites, build artificial neural networks model of agricultural information website evaluation to improve it.
This paper studies are:
1. Overview of the purpose of agricultural information website evaluation,
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,evaluation of the principle of indicators to establish the principles and methods for establishing a scientific and reasonable evaluation index system and evaluation method to establish a theoretical basis, collation and analysis of the BP neural network algorithm for the basic theory and the corresponding and described in detail the use of BP neural network toolbox approach, using neural network toolbox described the establishment of agricultural information websites, and detailed process of evaluation steps, including data acquisition and pre-assessment model.
2. Describes the neural network of agricultural information website evaluation to improve the principles and ideas, and to BP neural network model based on the establishment of agricultural information website evaluation model; and based on the evaluation of the characteristics and needs, to establish the corresponding index of agricultural information website evaluation system, through the evaluation index system on the intensive study and detailed description of the index system of rating methods and rating rules, the last of the Yangtze River Delta agricultural information website evaluation model for network learning and network evaluation, with a result.
3. Briefly described in this paper the process of innovation and the problems encountered while on the BP neural network analysis of evaluation results, elaborated the inadequacies of the study, suggestions for improvement, and future work of the prospects for the next person who conducted the study to provide valuable advice and basis.
Key words: Agricultural information website; BP neural network; Site evaluation; Index system
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,圖表目錄
圖表目錄
圖4-1 S型激活函數(shù)..................................................................................................21 圖4-2 具有—個(gè)隱含層的簡化網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖.....................................................................22 圖4-3 實(shí)際應(yīng)用的BP 網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)圖...........................................................................25 圖4-4 農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型建模流程圖.............................................30 圖5-1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練界面.....................................................................................36 圖5-2 學(xué)習(xí)樣本輸入界面.........................................................................................37 圖5-3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)評價(jià)數(shù)據(jù)的輸入.....................................................................................38 圖5-4 評價(jià)結(jié)果的輸出.............................................................................................39 表3-1 農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系.........................................................................17 表3-2 農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系評分細(xì)則.........................................................19 表5-1 農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)模型學(xué)習(xí)樣本及學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果.............................................32 表5-2 安徽農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)樣本及評價(jià)結(jié)果.....................................................34 表5-3 江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)樣本及評價(jià)結(jié)果.....................................................35 表5-4 浙江農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)樣本及評價(jià)結(jié)果.....................................................35 表5-5 上海農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)樣本及評價(jià)結(jié)果.....................................................35
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1 緒論
1 緒論
1.1 選題背景和研究意義
1.1.1 農(nóng)業(yè)信息化與農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站發(fā)展
自20世紀(jì)末以來,以Internet 技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)為代表的信息技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展壯大和廣泛使用,信息傳遞突破了時(shí)空的限制。通過Internet ,人們可以進(jìn)行信息的搜索、查詢和咨詢等,了解和學(xué)習(xí)自身需要的信息和知識(shí)。而信息通過Internet 這種方式得到廣泛的交流和傳播,從而提高了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通的效率。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展壯大需要大量與農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)有關(guān)的各式各樣的信息,這些信息涉及許多領(lǐng)域,如氣象,土壤、環(huán)境、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場信息等。關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)信息化的理解,現(xiàn)在還沒有一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的定義,有的認(rèn)為它是計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)上的應(yīng)用,有人認(rèn)為它是通信技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)上的應(yīng)用,也有人認(rèn)為它是農(nóng)業(yè)信息服務(wù)的高度發(fā)達(dá)階段。綜合各方觀點(diǎn)得出農(nóng)業(yè)信息化不僅包括計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù),還應(yīng)包括微電子技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)、光電技術(shù)、遙感技術(shù)等多項(xiàng)技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)上普遍而系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用,其目標(biāo)都是為實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)信息資源的高度共享[1]。因此,農(nóng)業(yè)信息化可被理解為在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、分配、交換、消費(fèi)四個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中,通過普遍采用信息技術(shù)和電子信息裝備,更有效、更合理地開發(fā)利用各種農(nóng)業(yè)資源包括自然資源、人才資源和知識(shí)、信息資源等,提高農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化水平,推動(dòng)
[2]農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的動(dòng)態(tài)演進(jìn)過程。從農(nóng)業(yè)信息化的定義可以看出農(nóng)業(yè)信息
化有三個(gè)比較明顯的特點(diǎn):(1)農(nóng)業(yè)信息技術(shù)在其它技術(shù)序列中優(yōu)先發(fā)展,在農(nóng)業(yè)信息化中占有十分重要的地位;(2)信息資源在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品經(jīng)營中的作用日益突出,農(nóng)民更重視和利用信息資源指導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和銷售;(3)農(nóng)業(yè)信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展很大程度上促進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大,并優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化和升級[3]。
從服務(wù)農(nóng)業(yè)的范圍和程度上來分,農(nóng)業(yè)信息化有廣義和狹義兩種涵義。狹義的農(nóng)業(yè)信息化主要是指農(nóng)業(yè)信息服務(wù)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化,廣義的農(nóng)業(yè)信息化則是指農(nóng)業(yè)全過程的信息化。二者的主要區(qū)別在于信息傳遞方式的不同,狹義的農(nóng)業(yè)信
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,神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在長三角農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站評價(jià)中的應(yīng)用研究
息化主要以計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的傳播為主,而廣義的農(nóng)業(yè)信息化則包括計(jì)算機(jī)、電視、廣播、報(bào)紙、電話等手段。目前的研究主要以狹義的農(nóng)業(yè)信息化為主[4]。農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站建設(shè)是農(nóng)業(yè)信息化進(jìn)程中一個(gè)非常重要的組成部分。隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,農(nóng)業(yè)的各個(gè)組成部分都使用計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行通信交流,而農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站在通信交流過程中起到對農(nóng)業(yè)信息傳播的基礎(chǔ)作用,可以把農(nóng)業(yè)信息傳播到最需要這些信息的地方中去,發(fā)揮信息在農(nóng)業(yè)中的作用。
農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站是指以農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)為主要內(nèi)容或服務(wù)對象的網(wǎng)站以及主要內(nèi)容或服務(wù)涉及農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的各個(gè)方面網(wǎng)站,農(nóng)業(yè)站點(diǎn)至少滿足以下三個(gè)條件之一:
(1)擁有獨(dú)立的域名和主機(jī)的站點(diǎn);(2)沒有獨(dú)立域名,使用虛擬主機(jī)的獨(dú)立的站點(diǎn);(3)沒有獨(dú)立的域名和主機(jī)點(diǎn),使用虛擬目錄并有獨(dú)立完整的信息體系的站點(diǎn)。從1994年農(nóng)業(yè)部信息中心率先創(chuàng)建“中國農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)”開始,我國農(nóng)業(yè)信息化建設(shè)取得了很大的發(fā)展,我國農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站如雨后春筍般遍布各個(gè)省、自治區(qū)和直轄市[5]。截至2008 年底,農(nóng)村網(wǎng)民規(guī)模已達(dá)到8460 萬人,年增長率超過60,遠(yuǎn)高于城鎮(zhèn)網(wǎng)民35.6的增長率。在2008 年新增的8800 萬網(wǎng)民中,新增的農(nóng)村網(wǎng)民有3190 萬人,農(nóng)村互聯(lián)網(wǎng)持續(xù)快速發(fā)展[6]。
農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站是農(nóng)業(yè)信息化主要的發(fā)展方向,農(nóng)業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站的快速發(fā)展,有力地促進(jìn)了農(nóng)業(yè)信息化的發(fā)展,在農(nóng)業(yè)政策法規(guī)、農(nóng)業(yè)新聞、農(nóng)業(yè)科技、市場信息、分析預(yù)測、農(nóng)村實(shí)用技術(shù)、農(nóng)業(yè)氣象信息、招商引資、供求信息等為農(nóng)民提供實(shí)用的信息方面發(fā)揮著巨大的作用,促進(jìn)農(nóng)民增產(chǎn)增收,使得農(nóng)民快速致富,走上富裕的小康道路上發(fā)揮著重要的作用。同時(shí)我們也應(yīng)當(dāng)看到Internet 給我們提供方便的同時(shí)也有許多的不利之處,如Internet 在給人們提供海量信息的同時(shí),由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的信息不同于各類傳統(tǒng)出版物上的信息,沒有經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的審查和評價(jià),準(zhǔn)確性、可靠性和可信度受到了廣泛的質(zhì)疑。美國學(xué)者M(jìn)atthew Ciolek [7]曾探討過因特網(wǎng)的發(fā)展,預(yù)言WWW (World Wide Web ) 將變?yōu)镸MM (Multi Media Mediocrity ) 因此,Internet 信息資源的無限、無序、無標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是人們有效利用Internet 信息資源的主要障礙。因此,如何從浩如煙海的因特網(wǎng)中篩選出高質(zhì)量的信息資源就顯得越來越重要,因?yàn)樗苯佑绊懙接脩魧nternet 信息資源的開發(fā)利用。
鑒于Internet 的種種弊端,如何規(guī)范Internet 上的農(nóng)業(yè)信息發(fā)布,如何有效
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