目錄實(shí)驗(yàn)二 . ............................................................................................

目錄

實(shí)驗(yàn)二 . .....................................................................................................................................................................................................2

一、ping...................................................................................................................................................................................................2

1、命令...........................................................................................................................................................................................2

二、tracert . .............................................................................................................................................................................................6

1、語法...........................................................................................................................................................................................6

2、參數(shù)...........................................................................................................................................................................................6

3、Tracert 工作原理 ..................................................................................................................................................................7

4、示例...........................................................................................................................................................................................8

三、 Nslookup(name server lookup)( 域名查詢): ......................................................................................................................9

示例： . ............................................................................................................................................................................................9

四、Arp . ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14

1、語法........................................................................................................................................................................................ 14

2、參數(shù)........................................................................................................................................................................................ 15

3、注釋........................................................................................................................................................................................ 15

4、示例........................................................................................................................................................................................ 16

實(shí)驗(yàn)二 一、PING

ping 是一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)工具，用來測試特定主機(jī)能否通過IP 到達(dá)。ping 的運(yùn)作原理是向目標(biāo)主機(jī)傳出一個(gè)ICMP echo要求封包，等待接收echo 回應(yīng)封包。程序會按時(shí)間和反應(yīng)成功的次數(shù)，估計(jì)失去封包率（丟包率）和封包來回時(shí)間（網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)延）。

1983年12月，Mike Muuss寫了這個(gè)程序，在IP 網(wǎng)絡(luò)出問題時(shí)方便找出其根源。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)程序的運(yùn)作和潛水艇的聲納相似，他便用聲納的聲音來為程序取名。David L. Mills曾提出另一個(gè)取名：Packet Internet Grouper/Gopher（后者指地鼠）。

使用 ping 可以測試計(jì)算機(jī)名和計(jì)算機(jī)的 ip 地址, 驗(yàn)證與遠(yuǎn)程計(jì)算機(jī)的連接, 通過將 icmp 回顯數(shù)據(jù)包發(fā)送到計(jì)算機(jī)并偵聽回顯回復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)包來驗(yàn)證與一臺或多臺遠(yuǎn)程計(jì)算機(jī)的連接, 該命令只有在安裝了 tcp/ip 協(xié)議后才可以使用。 現(xiàn)在打開你的ms-dos(開始→程序→ms-dos) ，用win2000的朋友打開cmd.exe （這是win2000下的ms-dos ，開始→程序→附件→" 命令提示符" 或 開始→搜索文件或文件夾→" 填入cmd.exe", 找到后雙擊運(yùn)行就可以了。）

1、命令

ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l length] [-f] [-i ttl] [-v tos] [-r count] [-s count] [[-j computer-list] | [-k computer-list]] [-w timeout] destination-list

參數(shù)

-t

ping 指定的計(jì)算機(jī)直到中斷。ctrl c停止

-a

將地址解析為計(jì)算機(jī)名。例:c:>ping -a 127.0.0.1

pinging china-hacker [127.0.0.1] with 32 bytes of data:（china-hacker 就是他的計(jì)算機(jī)名）

reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<10ms ttl=128reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<10ms ttl=128reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<10ms ttl=128reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<10ms ttl=128

ping statistics for 127.0.0.1:packets: sent = 4, received = 4, lost = 0 (0 loss),approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:minimum = 0ms, maximum = 0ms, average = 0ms

-n count

發(fā)送 count 指定的 echo 數(shù)據(jù)包數(shù)。默認(rèn)值為 4。

-l length

發(fā)送包含由 length 指定的數(shù)據(jù)量的 echo 數(shù)據(jù)包。默認(rèn)為 32 字節(jié)；最大值是 65,527。